Laridae - Gulls, Terns, Skimmers

066 Family: Laridae - Gulls, Terns & Skimmers - IOC 2.5 - 2010

Skimmers Rynchops and terns with gulls - separation of Rynchopidae and Sternidae problematic.

Anous stolidus - Brown Noddy - Widespread Tropical Ocean
Anous tenuirostris - Lesser Noddy - W, NW Indian Ocean - Sooty Noddy?
Anous minutus - Black Noddy - tropical

Procelsterna cerulea - Blue Noddy - W, C Pacific Ocean
Procelsterna albivitta - Grey Noddy - S Pacific Ocean

Rynchops niger - Black Skimmer - Widespread North America, Latin America
Rynchops flavirostris - African Skimmer - Widespread Africa
Rynchops albicollis - Indian Skimmer - E Pakistan to Burma

Gygis alba - White Tern - Widespread Tropical Ocean - Angel Tern?

Creagrus furcatus - Swallow-tailed Gull - Galápagos Islands - W South America coasts

Rissa tridactyla - Black-legged Kittiwake - N coasts - N Atlantic & Pacific
Rissa brevirostris - Red-legged Kittiwake - Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands - N Pacific

Pagophila eburnea - Ivory Gull - N coasts - Arctic Ocean

Xema sabini - Sabine's Gull - N coasts - NW South America, SW Africa, coasts

Chroicocephalus genei - Slender-billed Gull - SW Eurasia
Chroicocephalus philadelphia - Bonaparte's Gull - NC, NW North America - South America & N Central America coasts
Chroicocephalus scopulinus - Red-billed Gull - New Zealand
Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae - Silver Gull - Australia
Chroicocephalus bulleri - Black-billed Gull - New Zealand
Chroicocephalus serranus - Andean Gull - W South America
Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus - Brown-headed Gull - C Eurasia - Middle East, Asia
Chroicocephalus maculipennis - Brown-hooded Gull - E, S coasts
Chroicocephalus ridibundus - Black-headed Gull - Widespread Eurasia - Africa, Asia - Now Black-headed Gull
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus - Grey-hooded Gull - Widespread South America, Africa
Chroicocephalus hartlaubii - Hartlaub's Gull - SW coast
Chroicocephalus saundersi - Saunders's Gull - E coast

Hydrocoloeus minutus - Little Gull - C Eurasia, North America - E North America, W Europe

Rhodostethia rosea - Ross's Gull - N coasts - Arctic Ocean

Leucophaeus scoresbii - Dolphin Gull - extreme S coasts
Leucophaeus fuliginosus - Lava Gull - Galápagos Islands
Leucophaeus atricilla - Laughing Gull - Widespread North America, Latin America coasts
Leucophaeus pipixcan - Franklin's Gull - C North America - W Latin America coasts
Leucophaeus modestus - Grey Gull - WC coast

Ichthyaetus relictus - Relict Gull - C Eurasia - E China
Ichthyaetus audouinii - Audouin's Gull - Med & NW Africa coasts
Ichthyaetus melanocephalus - Mediterranean Gull - W Eurasia - Med coasts
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus - Pallas's Gull - C Eurasia - Middle East, India - Was Great Black-headed Gull
Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus - White-eyed Gull - Red Sea
Ichthyaetus hemprichii - Sooty Gull - east Africa & Middle East coasts

Larus pacificus - Pacific Gull - S, W Australian coasts
Larus belcheri - Belcher's Gull - WC coast - Was Band-tailed Gull
Larus atlanticus - Olrog's Gull - SE coast
Larus crassirostris - Black-tailed Gull - E coast
Larus heermanni - Heermann's Gull - W coast
Larus canus - Mew Gull - W Europe to Siberia & NW North America - widespread
Larus delawarensis - Ring-billed Gull - Widespread North America, Middle America
Larus californicus - California Gull - NC, W North America, Middle America
Larus marinus - Great Black-backed Gull - coastal E North America & W Europe
Larus dominicanus - Kelp Gull - S coasts
Larus glaucescens - Glaucous-winged Gull - coastal N Pacific
Larus occidentalis - Western Gull - W coast
Larus livens - Yellow-footed Gull - coastal NW Mexico & S California
Larus hyperboreus - Glaucous Gull - Widespread Eurasia, N America N coasts
Larus glaucoides - Iceland Gull - N AO coast
Larus thayeri - Thayer's Gull - N North America - W North America coast
Larus argentatus - European Herring Gull - N Europe - New name
Larus smithsonianus - American Herring Gull - Widespread N America - Split from L. argentatus
Larus vegae - Vega Gull - NE, E Eurasia
Larus cachinnans - Caspian Gull - C Eurasia to NE China - SW, E Asia - Was Yellow-legged Gull
Larus michahellis - Yellow-legged Gull - W Eurasia - Split from L. cachinnans
Larus armenicus - Armenian Gull - SW Eurasia
Larus schistisagus - Slaty-backed Gull - NE, E coast
Larus fuscus - Lesser Black-backed Gull - W Europe to C Northern Siberia; Eurasia, also Greenland and Iceland - N Africa, SW Europe to NW India; also E North America

Gelochelidon nilotica - Gull-billed Tern - Widespread Worldwide

Hydroprogne caspia - Caspian Tern - Widespread Worldwide except South America

Thalasseus maximus - Royal Tern - coasts
Thalasseus bergii - Swift Tern - coasts of E Africa to the S Pacific
Thalasseus elegans - Elegant Tern - W coasts
Thalasseus bengalensis - Lesser Crested Tern - Widespread Africa, Asia, Australasia coasts
Thalasseus bernsteini - Chinese Crested Tern - E coasts - Philippines, Borneo
Thalasseus sandvicensis - Sandwich Tern - northern Europe to Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas - S Europe to N Africa, Persian Gulf, India
Thalasseus acuflavidus - Cabot's Tern - Widespread N America, Latin America coasts from Virginia to French Guiana, Argentina - Pacific coast from Mexico to Ecuador; Atlantic coast from Florida to Uruguay - New World Cabot's Tern including Cayenne Tern. sister to Elegant Tern, not Sandwich Tern

Sternula albifrons - Little Tern - Widespread Africa, Eurasia, Asia, Australasia
Sternula saundersi - Saunders's Tern - Middle East - to India & Malaysia
Sternula antillarum - Least Tern - Widespread N America, Mid America - N South America coast
Sternula superciliaris - Yellow-billed Tern - Widespread South America
Sternula lorata - Peruvian Tern - coasts Ecuador to Chile
Sternula nereis - Fairy Tern - S, SW, W coasts
Sternula balaenarum - Damara Tern - W, SW coasts

Onychoprion aleuticus - Aleutian Tern - N Pacific coasts - S China Sea, Philippines?
Onychoprion lunatus - Spectacled Tern - SW Pacific Ocean
Onychoprion anaethetus - Bridled Tern - Widespread Tropical Ocean
Onychoprion fuscatus - Sooty Tern - Widespread Tropical Ocean

Sterna aurantia - River Tern - E Pakistan through India to S Vietnam
Sterna dougallii - Roseate Tern - Widespread Worldwide coasts
Sterna striata - White-fronted Tern - New Zealand - SE Australia
Sterna sumatrana - Black-naped Tern - coasts - Indian Ocean, S Pacific
Sterna hirundinacea - South American Tern - W, S, SE coasts
Sterna hirundo - Common Tern - Widespread Eurasia, N America - widespread coasts
Sterna repressa - White-cheeked Tern - Middle East, coasts - W India
Sterna paradisaea - Arctic Tern - N Eurasia, N America - Subantarctic Ocean
Sterna vittata - Antarctic Tern - Widespread Southern Ocean
Sterna virgata - Kerguelen Tern - S islands
Sterna forsteri - Forster's Tern - Widespread North America, Middle America
Sterna trudeaui - Snowy-crowned Tern - S South America
Sterna acuticauda - Black-bellied Tern - India through Southeast Asia

Chlidonias albostriatus - Black-fronted Tern - New Zealand
Chlidonias hybrida - Whiskered Tern - Widespread Africa, Eurasia, Asia, Australasia
Chlidonias leucopterus - White-winged Tern - Widespread Eurasia - Africa, Asia, Australasia
Chlidonias niger - Black Tern - Widespread N America, Eurasia - Lat Am coasts

Phaetusa simplex - Large-billed Tern - Widespread South America

Larosterna inca - Inca Tern - W coast